Reflecting back on the six long decades since the Korean War severed a people’s kindred spirit, the two nations—sharing a united culture, history, race and language—persist as hostile enemies. Sadly, reconciliation between the states remains an elusive prospect, which greatly hinders chances of imminent reunification. In the joyous event of this however, the new national government will have to be careful to ensure sure that emotion will not override sensibilities and dictate politics. History tells us that a hasty, emotional reunification can cause profound and weighty difficulties. The abruptness of <?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" />Germany’s reunification in 1990 has brought significant challenges—cultural, economical and political—which are still being addressed to this day. Therefore, in order to minimise burdens and achieve a more prosperous and stable unity, the reunification of North and South Korea must be a carefully managed process of incremental integration over many years. In this way the differences that have been cultivated between the nations can be ironed out, and a greater unity as a nation can be achieved.<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" />
For a long time it has been speculated that the regime in the North will destabilise, and that a subsequent ‘collapse’ is inevitable[i]. While ‘collapse’ in the North may be a quick way to bring about reunification, it must only be seen as a starting point of achieving an end goal. The chaotic situation which would ensue in the North and South would make it relatively impossible to bring about an ordered and stable unification without the undesirable use of military force. What needs to happen long before a possible collapse is for the two nations to begin engaging in constructive dialogue- as started under President Kim Dae-Jung’s ‘Sunshine Policy’. Therefore; when the chance for reunification arises (via collapse or reconciliation), difficulties can be addressed by a government who is already familiarized with the diversities in each region. Then, a holistic reunification can begin, approached prudently and sensibly- without resorting to force, and without the danger of abrupt over-emotiveness.
Potentially the biggest problem for a government of a newly reconciled Korea is the large disparity that currently exists between the two completely separated economies. While the South’s economy has flourished and grown since the Korean War, the North remains deeply impoverished. Indeed, the estimated income disparity between the two states is now at a fifteen to one ratio per capita[ii]. Because of this, a reconciled government would need to ensure that the economies are kept economically for a reasonable period, gradually bringing in changes to unity. Acting suddenly could bring an enormous economic cost to the Southern people, while their Northern brethren struggle to become accustomed to the consumerist lifestyle. This problem was evident in the reunification of Germany, where to this day, large sums of money are still paid across the old border to realign the economy and equalise the standards of living. However, the “North Korea[n] situation is far worse than East Germany, and South Korea is weaker than West Germany”,[iii], according to Dae-Jung, emphasising the need for due caution in the process. A progression of very gradual economic integration can allow both nations to evolve step-by-step towards landmarks of final unity-a common market, common currency, and reduced GDP disparity.
The difficulty concerning North Korea refugees and the cultural differences that have amassed can too be addressed by an incremental approach to national unity. Although Korean families have now been separated for six decades, it is necessary to allow time for the cultures to acclimatise to each other before complete and free mobility of people can be permitted. While this may seem to be constraining the joy of a reunification, allowing immediate personal mobility may create social issues as Northern refugees accustom to the more consumerist society in the South.
It is evident that although a reconciliation and reunification of the Korean brethren would be an exciting and desirable time in world history, patience, positive dialogue and level-headedness must be promoted now to make the future gradual process successful and robust. We must not be pessimistic about the difficulties that will slow the process; instead we must look at all moves towards eventual reunification as positive parts in a long journey. Successful reunification certainly can be achieved- what needs to be realised is that haste will bring no reward, and that a united government may not immediately bring a united people.
[i] LtCol. Park, J. W. (1997). Possibility Of North Korean Collapse. Retrieved August 4, 2010, from globalsecurity.org: http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/report/1997/Park.htm
[ii] Central Intelligence Agency. (2010, July). CIA- The World Factbook--Country Comparasion. Retrieved August 2, 2010, from Central Intelligence Agency: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2004rank.html
[iii] Lehrer, J. (1998, June 9). Online NewsHour: President Kim Dae Jung. Retrieved August 3, 2010, from PBS News: http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/asia/jan-june98/kim_6-9.html
Other References:
Hoare, J., & Pares, S. (1988). Korea: an introduction. Thetford: Worts-Power Associates.
Wolf, C. J., & Akramov, K. (2005). North Korean paradoxes: circumstances, costs and consequences of Korean unification. RAND Corporation.